Define Revenge in Hamlet Essays - 1219 Words

Revenge is one’s desire to retaliate and get even. Human instincts turn to revenge when loved ones are hurt. But, these misdeeds of taking upon revenge may lead to serious consequences. In William Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Hamlet,† Fortinbras, Hamlet, and Laertes’s each show how their desire for revenge unavoidably leads to tragedy. The loss of their loved ones caused these characters in Hamlet to take action. Young Fortinbras has built an army to get back the lands his father lost to King Hamlet and Denmark. His actions can be compared to the measures Hamlet is willing to take upon Claudius. Hamlet wants to kill his uncle, Claudius, for killing his father to gain royalty status. Laertes has the same anger as Hamlet killed Polonius,†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Examples gross as earth exhort me:/Witness this army of such mass and charge/Led by a delicate and tender prince,/ Whose spirit with divine ambition puffd /Makes mouths at the invisible ev ent, / Exposing what is mortal and unsure/To all that fortune, death and danger dare,/Even for an egg-shell.† (IV.iv. 49-56). Hamlet admires Fortinbras as a man of action due to building an army and directing them for Denmark to avenge the death of his father. In the end, as Fortinbras successfully becomes King of Denmark, he says: â€Å"Take up the bodies. Such a sight as this/ Becomes the field,/but here shows much amiss./ Go, bid the soldiers shoot.† (V.ii. 403-405). Fortinbras tells the soldiers to clean up the dead bodies and then fire their guns outside honoring of Hamlet. Laertes, a foil to Hamlet in the play, faces similar problems as Hamlet. Laertes learns Hamlet is responsible for the death of his father, Polonius by Claudius. But, in Act III Scene iv, Polonius was hiding behind the arras of the Queen Gertrude’s room and Hamlet killed him accidentally. Claudius took the opportunity to use his manipulative skills and convince Laertes he should kill Hamle t for what he did (Cruttwell). Claudius’ speech to Laertes implies that not acting would show no love for his father, â€Å"Not that I think you did not love your father, but that I know love is begun by time, and that I see in passages of proof†(IV. vii. 111-113). Claudius’ tone influences Laertes to immediately seek revenge onShow MoreRelatedRevenge Themes in Hamlet1077 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play ‘Hamlet written by William Shakespeare in Elizabethan times, the theme of revenge is a constant throughout the plot. Not only does it underlie almost every scene, but it also has a major effect on the story as a whole. Two of the main revenge plots within the play are Hamlets aim to avenge his father by killing his uncle, the king Claudius, and Laertes aim to avenge the murder of his father by killing Hamlet. These two revenge plots play a major role in presenting to the audience theRead MoreHamlet Cause And Effect Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationsh ips for that individual. In William Shakespeare s play Hamlet, Hamlet’s actions have a tremendous effect on both the play and its characters. Hamlet’s hesitation, madness and steps for revenge all lead to the death of six major characters throughout the play, proving that Hamlet s actions were the cause of destruction for all of Denmark. Hesitation is one of the characteristics that Hamlet is known for possessing. Throughout the play, Hamlet experiences hesitation within many of his actions, whichRead More Comparing Hamlet by William Shakespeare and The Killings by Andre Dubus858 Words   |  4 PagesComparing Hamlet by William Shakespeare and The Killings by Andre Dubus Losing a loved one to tragedy, especially two most brutal and malicious tragedies as these, will torture the minds of any and all men. Terrifying thoughts, even carefully planned acts of revenge will plow themselves into your brain. It is how we react to these situations that can and will forever define that man, his life, and his actions. In these two stories, Hamlets father and Matt Fowlers son are murdered with jealousRead MoreEmily Bronte s Hamlet And Wuthering Heights 1307 Words   |  6 PagesRevenge in Hamlet and Wuthering Heights Abstract This concise paper is an analogical study. It consists of three parts; the first one defines the word revenge and explains where the theme of revenge comes from and how it has expended to other types of literary works until these days. The second part of the study, is supported by exemplifies Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet. The last part of the paper, provides Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s novel, Wuthering Heights as a good example; because one of the main themesRead MoreMind and Hamlet1132 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"An admirable text does not define or exhaust its possibilities†. What possibilities do you see in Shakespeare’s Hamlet? Discuss your ideas with close reference to at least two scenes from Hamlet. Shakespeare’s texts have been re-visited, re-interpreted and re-invented to suit the context and preferences of an evolving audience, and it through this constant recreation it is evident that Hamlet â€Å"does not define or exhaust its possibilities†. Through the creation of a character who emulates a varietyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay751 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Hamlet might well claim to be Shakespeares most famous play because of its language and the charm of its central character. Shakespeare wrote some thirty-eight plays. Taken individuallyRead MoreLiterary Techniques Of Hamlet By William Shakespeare1700 Words   |  7 Pages In the literary masterpiece Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the use of literary techniques contributes significantly to the development of the theme. The story of Hamlet belongs to a tradition of revenge tragedies that were familiar to the Elizabethan audiences. The theme of the play is: when one’s actions are tainted with corruption, their actions can result in others seeking revenge for the pleasures of gratification. The literary technique of parallelism contributes to the developmentRead MoreLaertes And Hamlet Foils In Shakespeares Hamlet958 Words   |  4 Pagesconvey this through common themes. These themes often define a characters specific personality and characteristics. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Laertes serves as a foil for Hamlet in which their contrast presents pivotal themes that reveal Hamlet’s character. While the play has many themes, mo rality, revenge, and honor specifically relate to the contrast between Laertes and Hamlet, consequently resulting in Laertes purpose as a foil for Hamlet. Hamlet’s religion shapes his view on morality, ultimatelyRead MoreHamlet and The Desire-Destiny Paradox872 Words   |  3 Pagesquoted line of Hamlet, of Shakespeare’s works, possibly of all Elizabethan literature, presents a philosophical Hamlet who questions â€Å"Whether ’tis nobler in the mind to suffer, The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,† Shakespeare does indeed explore the individual’s enduring need to define one’s role or identity within society, but presents the paradox of whether to embrace one’s fortune OR to ‘carve for himself’ a fate and identity. Hamlet spends muchRead More Reality and Illusion in Shakespeares Hamlet - Reality, Appearance and Deception875 Words   |  4 PagesReality and Illusion in Hamlet    Shakespeare’s play, Hamlet, begins with the appearance of a ghost, an apparition, possibly a hallucination. Thus, from the beginning, Shakespeare presents the air of uncertainty, of the unnatural, which drives the action of the play and develops in the protagonist as a struggle to clarify what only seems to be absolute and what is actually reality. Hamlets mind, therefore, becomes the central force of the play, choosing the direction of the conflict by his

Theme of Feminism in The Women Who Walked into Doors Free Essays

The Women Who Walked Into Doors The Feminist lens allows us to view a piece of literature from a different perspective. It applies the perspective of feminism to a certain piece of literature. There are a large number of feminism literary theories and all with a different angle of viewing the literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Theme of Feminism in The Women Who Walked into Doors or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some theories look at the way words and symbols in the book are gendered. Other theories show the difference of writing between male and female authors. Many theories also focus on stereotypes and inequalities of women’s ights and how they are symbolized in a book. Basically the feminist lens helps you analyze a book based on the philosophies and views of modern day feminism the any piece of literature. The Women Who Walked into Doors is a book about a woman named Paula and her struggle against her abusive husband that spent the 17 years of their marriage beating and abusing her. I am pretty sure that everyone who has read this book agrees that it is really a feminist novel with Roddy Doyle, the author, really trying to explore the life a woman’s mind under abuse. The first signs of feminism come early in the book. Paula seems to be attracted to a guy named Charlo Spencer who is considered to be a â€Å"ride†, a term used to define an attracting looking person. We see the idea that women are into â€Å"bad boys† demonstrated by Paula when she falls for Charlo. She states how he looks sexy with his cigarette, a leather jacket, and blue denim Jeans. This was a typical description of a â€Å"bad boy’ in the 90’s. She also stated that he had a criminal record as if it were a good thing and rather attractive. As the novel progresses a lot of feminist theories are presented such as the audacity is young women in the 90’s and even in current times. Paula is a risk taker and likes to explore around and not really afraid of consequences. This again touches on the feminist theory that women tend to be irrational decision makers in their late teenage hood. A perfect example from the book is when Paula ignored her father’s view on Charlo when he made it obvious he hated Charlo and said he is a criminal. However later in the novel as she grows older she realizes her father was right and only trying to protect her. This again supports the idea that during a stage of their life, women tend to make stupid decisions that they will regret later on in life. After Paula gets married to Charlo and the abuse and beatings start Roddy Doyle really starts to push some strong feminist theories through. One of the most important being the reliance that a woman has towards a man and really takes this idea to its peaks. This is portrayed by Paula throughout most of the novel, even though Charlo beats, rapes, and abuses her she still says she loves him and she can’t leave him. For the sake of her own safety and well being she was not willing to let go of the man who she loved yet who abused her. This is supposed to show how women are dependent on men and being beat by a man is better than not having one. Finally he most important theory being presented I believe is the imbalance of power between men and women and the breaking point ot a woman’s tolerance towards abusive behavior. Throughout their marriage Paula has been powerless by not being able to make any choices or have any say in how things are done, because if she were to speak up she would likely get beaten by Charlo. This shows the imbalance in power and inequality in women’s rights in the 90’s when this book was written. Also even if Paula wanted to leave Charlo she did not have the power to on her own. However the idea presented is that women behave only like this is the problem is etween husband and wife, in the novel, when Charlo looks at Nicola, his oldest daughter, in a dirty way as if he wants to harm her is when Paula’s breaking point is reached. She takes a frying pan and beats him down in the kitchen then kicks him out of the house for good. This brings us to the idea that when women’s will not stand up for themselves but when their children are targeted they do the unthinkable to protect them. The fact that this book was written by a male author is really impressive for how he constructed the book from a females perspective and make it so effective in sending its messages and impacting on the reader. How to cite Theme of Feminism in The Women Who Walked into Doors, Papers

Cheetah Corp free essay sample

Background of the Company In the beginning, it set in motion from a family business, and then forms a partnership between Madam Hor Ah Kuan and her son, trading sport apparel way back in 1977. In 1979, Cheetah products came into existence and it start emphasize on designing and brand building for its Cheetah sports apparel, and simultaneously outsourced its manufacturing activities to external manufacturers since then. With the expansion of its portfolio of brand names, such as Cheetah Ladies, Cheetah Junior, C. Union, the business is growing in a good condition and stable. Cheetah Holdings Berhad (CHB) was instituted in year 1979. It was listed on the Second Board of Bursa Malaysia Securities Berhad on 19th January 2005, and it able to make itself to move into First Board of Bursa Malaysia in year 2007. In between these years, CHB has acquired 75% stake in Above Fashion Sdn Bhd and the famous junior brand LadyBird from Woolworth Plc. We will write a custom essay sample on Cheetah Corp or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This makes CHB shown a pretty and nice revenue figure in its annual report of year 2006. One of the greatest accomplishments achieved by CHB is, the apparel maker Cheetah Corporation with sales of US$25 million is one of the nine companies listed on Forbes Asia 2007 list is widely recognized in its consistency of profitability and growth in the last three years, and this has been reported in New Straits Times on 21st September 2007. The main aim of CHB is to grow its bottom line together with its mission and vision of increasing profitability. Besides, it also put emphasize on satisfying stakeholders and enhancing skills of their people to upgrade their research and development. CTB has three small business units. It included Cheetah Corporation (M) Sdn Bhd which is in charge of the company’s core apparel business, Cheetah Reality Sdn Bhd which is in charge of property investment, and Cheetah Marketing Sdn Bhd. Cheetah Corporation (M) Sdn Bhd has entered into an Exclusive Licensee Contract since 21st Jan 2007. It involved with Focus Point Vision Care Group Sdn Bhd, a company incorporated in Malaysia. This is purposed for the exclusive license right to design, develop, produce and sell optical eyewear that carries the brand name of ‘CHEETAH’.

School Privatization Essays - Organizational Theory, Administration

School Privatization Our society, as a whole, has been heading toward a decentralized system of conducting its affairs. Large corporations have been getting larger , meanwhile governments have been giving up increasing amounts of their control. This decentralization has affected even former mainstays of government control, such as phone and power companies. As decentralization becomes more of a reality, there has been a great deal of debate over what controls the government should maintain or relinquish. The public school system has long been a source of frustration. Many feel the schools would be run more efficiently and with better results if privately run companies were to take over. They feel that with the existing large, encumbering bureaucracy, the government is simply unable to provide the proper base that is necessary to support a successful school system. The proponents of privatized school systems have long maintained that governments are not as knowledgeable about individual school environments as those who and they have to manage many schools, whereas the owners of a specific private subsidized school would be well informed about the school's circumstances and can concentrate on that school alone. They say that the governments role should become that of regulator, not schoolmaster, and that since the private schools do not face the political constraints that the municipal governments face,they would be more able to adapt to change. Since the operation of public schools is more bureaucratic and centralized than private subsidized schools, it is expected to inhibit rather than promote educational innovation. Private schools, being less bureaucratic and more decentralized, are expected to be more efficient organizations and to have a better perspective than their public school counterparts. They are also expected to provide a greater incentive and opportunity to come up with more innovative programs than public schools in order to stay competitive. Bureaucracy is expected to hinder initiative and efficiency, whereas the private sector in general is expected to be more dynamic and responsive because of their need to stay competitive. It is hoped that this competitiveness will foster innovation. On the other side of the debate is the group that favors continued government control over the school system. They argue that privatizing the schools would lead to a decreased focus on the needs of the children with an increased emphasis placed on the bottom line. They maintain that the companies taking over for the government would focus their attention more on cutting corners to make larger profits rather than on the education of children. With continued government control over the school system, there will remain a stability that is necessary to insure a full and equal educational opportunity for all. Having the education system privatized would create inequalities in the method that education would be provided. Those who oppose privatization agree that not only would municipal control maintain stability, but would also ensure fair and equal teatment for all. The same would not hold true if the schools were placed in private hands. Schools that do not make a profit along with teachers that are no longer needed would simply let go in order to save money or maintain profits. I can see that there are several benefits on both sides. The economic benefits are obviously in favor of a decentralized school structure. There be no bureaucracy to wade through to make the simplest decisions, in the system would allow teachers to make important ground level decisions as they see fit. This increased efficiency includes many benefits, but with what cost? What about the special needs children, or the under privileged, will the private companies take care of them? What happens when these companies don't make enough money on a school, will they close it down? The children whose schools have been closed will have to travel further and further just to get to school, if they even go. Maybe there should just be mega-schools were ten schools are combined into one, all to save the managing company money. With government control, there may not be efficiency but there is some stability. That is the important thing. Companies can open and close their doors in a day, but schools are more important than companies. Education is the key to our futures, can we afford to gamble with what is a stake? The government must become more efficient at doing its job in managing our schools, and business has proven itself to be efficient. Maybe there is a way to combine the two and receive the best of both worlds.

How to Correctly Place Too and Enough in English Sentences

How to Correctly Place 'Too' and 'Enough' in English Sentences Too and enough  can modify both nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. Too  indicates that there is too much of a quality, or too much or too many of some object. Enough means that there is no need for more of a quality or object. Here are some examples: Shes too sad these days. I wonder whats wrong.I dont have enough sugar. Lets go to the supermarket.Youre driving too slowly!There are too many students in this class. It should be smaller.This test is difficult enough already!We have too much pollution in the world. Focus on Enough Reading the examples, you may notice that enough is sometimes placed before the word it modifies. For example: What do we need for dinner? I think we have enough vegetables, dont we?She feels that Tom has more than enough time to help. In other examples, enough is placed after the word it modifies. For example: You should ask John for help. Hes rich enough to help us all!I dont think they are smart enough to take that class. Take a look at the words modified in the examples above. You will note that enough is placed in front of the nouns vegetables and time. Enough is placed after the adjectives rich and smart. Rules for Enough Adjective Enough Place enough directly after the adjective modified when using enough as an adverb to mean to the required degree or extent. Hes not patient enough to understand children.My friend wasnt intelligent enough to take the job. Adverb Enough Place enough directly after the adverb modified when using enough as an adverb to mean to the required degree or extent. Peter drove slowly enough for us to look at all the houses.The students studied carefully enough to do well on the exam. Enough Noun Place enough directly before a noun to state that there is as much or as many as required. Do you have enough money for your vacation?Im afraid we dont have enough oranges to make the dessert. Focus on Too Reading the examples, you can notice that too is used with nouns, adjectives, and adverbs. However, when using too with nouns, too is followed by much or many. The choice of too much or  too many  depends on whether the noun modified is countable or uncountable, also referred to as count and non-count nouns. Anna is too concerned about her grades.The boys are too crazy today!We have too many books in this room.There is too much information to learn these days. Rules for Too Too Adjective Place too before adjectives to state that something has an excess amount of quality. Hes too angry about that incident.Mary is too anxious about her cousin. Too Adverb Place too before adverbs to state that someone is doing something to an excess or more than necessary. That man is driving too slowly. I wonder if hes been drinking.You are speaking too rudely to that man. Its important to be kind! Too Much Uncountable Noun Place too much before uncountable nouns to state that there is an excess amount of an object. We have too much time on our hands this weekend.Youve put too much sugar in the cake. Too Many Countable Noun Place too many  before plurals of countable nouns to state that there is an excess number of an object. Franca has too many problems to deal with this week.The boys have bought too many clothes. Lets take some of them back to the store. Too / Enough Quiz Rewrite the sentence adding too or enough to the sentence to modify an adjective, adverb or noun. My friend isnt patient with his friends.I dont have time to get everything done.I think the test was difficult.There is much salt in this soup!You are walking slowly. We need to hurry up.  Im afraid I have many responsibilities.Peter isnt working fast. Well never finish on time!I wish I were intelligent to pass this test.  Is there wine for dinner?He types quickly, so he makes a lot of mistakes. Answers My friend isnt patient enough  with his friends.I dont have enough  time to get everything done.I think the test was too  difficult.There is too  much salt in this soup!You are walking too  slowly. We need to hurry up.  Im afraid I have too  many responsibilities.Peter isnt working fast  enough. Well never finish on time!I wish I were intelligent enough  to pass this test.  Is there enough  wine for dinner?He types too  quickly, so he makes a lot of mistakes.

American History Essay Example for Free (#6)

American History Essay African American (597) , American history (69) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints â€Å"The sad truth is that most evil is done by people who never make up their minds to be good or evil† was a wise phase once uttered by Hannah Arendt. I love this quote because is perfectly describes the two boys from â€Å"American History X,† Danny and Derek. These two boys have seen and done it all when it comes to hate groups, as both were members of a neo-nazi hate group. Neo- Nazi hate groups use authoritarian, scapegoat, normative, and exploitation theories to justify their hate, discrimination, and torture of anyone who isn’t a part of the â€Å"supreme race,† or white. Boy Danny and Derek end up in this life from an early age. Parents are one of the biggest, if not the biggest influence on a child’s life. When Danny and Derek were both relatively young they looked up to their father, thought of him as the â€Å"ideal† man. However their father was a racist, influencing almost every thought the boys had. At family dinner when talking about about a black school teacher their father said, â€Å"It’s nigger bullshit,† and warned Derek not to buy into the equality teachings. Because Danny and Derek both looked up to their dad so much, this would be and example of the exploitation theory. Exploitation theory is when one societal group, in this case whites, use hostility to keep their position and power intact. This really come into play after Danny and Derek’s father was murdered and Derek believes it was a race related killing. Right after their father died, Derek joined a neo-nazi hate group known as the DOC(Disciples of Christ). Being extreme believers in the white supremacy movement, the DOC acted out with violence and extreme hatred toward any other race, especially blacks. Derek, being a high ranking member, murdered 2 black men for the cause. He served three years for the murders, which impacted his whole family tremendously. At the beginning of Derek’s sentence he did not want any visitors, claiming it would be to hard to see his family. He made friends with other neo-nazi members in prison, but soon started realizing that they were not serious about the cause like he was. He also started becoming friends with his black work partner who said, â€Å"I ain’t the nigger in here, you are† Derek started realizing that white supremacy what basically just a scapegoat. Meaning that the followers of the movement were just trying to find someone to blame for their problems, which in this case happened to be  the blacks. After befriending his black work mate he realized that blacks are human too. Once he could recognize blacks as human he finally felt guilt for killing to people, not niggers, people. Derek was determined to help his brother and family by getting them out of the gangs and hate. One of the biggest influences on Derek while in jail was his principal from high school. He was a black man with experience in dealing with â€Å"troubled youth.† He gave Derek the push he needed by saying, â€Å"Has anything you’ve done made your life better?†. Later Derek told Danny, â€Å"It’s just because I was pissed off†. I think this was Derek’s way of responding to his principal, he really didn’t believe in the cause it was more of just an outlet for his anger that his father would have approved of. While Derek is locked up. American History. (2016, Oct 18). We have essays on the following topics that may be of interest to you

Field Project Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Field Project Research Paper - Essay Example In my personal audit, the following relevant information were collected and gathered: (1) identifying and examining if my identity is safe; (2) the reasons why I need to protect myself from identity theft; and (3) how I could protect myself using very basis guidelines against potentially exposing myself for incidents of identity theft ( (Identity Theft Protection (IDPST), 2012). During the course of the personal security audit, as I was made aware that through answering and going through the questions, the following areas were the identified strengths: (1) logging off and locking my computer every night; (2) responsible use of access information by not sharing it to others; and (3) being extra careful on transmitting personal information through email. However, one noted that there was an eminent weakness in the use of passwords. In one instance, I discovered through friends that there were sent some messages through email apparently being sent from my email address. In this regard, there was potential risk in my password being compromised. As needed, I immediately changed my password and the incident did not happen again. Through browsing more information on doing a personal security audit, I learned that by believing that I would not become a victim of identity theft, I was actually exposing myself to the risks of being unprotected and exposed to security risks. In the LifeLock official website, an organization that aims to provide proactive identity theft protection to members who opt to register, it was disclosed that through do-it-yourself personal security audits using free credit bureau reports (AnnualCreditReport, 2012), I would only receive the minimum amount of information for personal security audit. Credit monitoring done by financial institutions generates credit alerts, address monitoring and information from the credit bureau reports. The LifeLock Identity Theft Protection boasts of covering proactive protection, advanced internet monitoring, cre dit alerts, non-credit alerts, address monitoring, lost wallet protection and credit bureau reports (LifeLock, 2012) for prices such as $25.00 / month or $275.00 / year for a LifeLock Ultimate package or a minimum of $10.00 / month or $110.00 / year for a LifeLock package (LifeLock, 2012). The safety tips provided by the IDPST site are likewise helpful in making me more aware of areas to focus on, such as the need to dispose of mail or correspondences that has my personal address and information; never carrying the SSS card; never using the SSS card as an identification number; being careful of credit card receipts; being careful of using debit cards when shopping online; and keeping personal information within my area of residence and not to be carried along. By doing so, the personal security audit enhanced my awareness on areas to be most careful of and to follow the simple guidelines that would assist in protecting myself from identity theft. In sum, the personal security audit made me realize that my personal practices in terms of identity protection (never carrying my SSS card in my wallet; locking up personal ids and information in a safe box at home); credit cards (using a virtually difficult signature to replicate and indicating that a photo ID is required; having photocopies of the credit cards safely at home; checking and monitoring all credit card transactions) and improving my password all ensure that I would be duly protected from identity the

Mid Term - American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mid Term - American History - Essay Example Discovery of gold in California and Nevada drew thousands of miners to join the Gold Rush and the mining equipment was moved from one location to the other. It was one of the greatest adventures in human history that contributed to the development of California. The Gold Rush largely improved America in terms of trade, shipping and communications such as railroad lines built to the Pacific Coast ( Lewis, 2010). Additionally, the event changed the culture of America particularly the faster settling of the west that sealed the doom of the Indians west of the Mississippi. The diversity of young intelligent men from around the world brought in different ways of gold mining. I chose the 1849 Gold Rush because of its association with the development of both California and America. The Gold Rush has brought in new ideas and cultural change that has greatly influenced America. Having toured California and the gold mining site, I felt that 1849 Gold Rush was alive and worth talking about. Com promise of 1850 The compromise included a series of bills passed to address slavery issues where the slavery matters were to be decided by popular sovereignty in admitting the new states. Moreover, the bills prohibited slave trade in Columbia settled a Texas boundary dispute as well as establishing a strict fugitive slave trade. By 1950, many slavery disagreement issues tainted the relationship between the Northerners and the Southerners. There were tensions whether the newly acquired western land after the Mexican War would allow slavery. The Congress further passed Fugitive Slave Law that decreased the number of slaves escaping to the North annually but the North was unhappy with the law (Stegmaier, 2012). Compromise of 1850 was very significant in the American history since it contributed to the Civil War. The Southern and Northern politics were heightened during this place and the compromise seemed to undermine a divided nation on the slavery issue. Slavery was a serious issue i n America and addressing it was very sensitive in congress. The Compromise of 1850 showed how concerned some legislators were in addressing the plight of the slaves. It further showed how southerners strongly defended the issue of slavery. It attempted to settle the slavery question though it allowed the slaves to work for the South although it prohibited slave trade in Washington DC (Stegmaier, 2012). The Compromise of 1850 played a significant role in heightening the tension between the Southerners and the Northerners that finally contributed to the Civil War particularly the introduction of the Fugitive Slave Act. The north was not impressed and they had to stop the act and they felt that the slaves should be returned to their rightful owners who escaped from the Underground Railroad. The south wanted to have the slaves back but they had to prove that they were the rightful owners because lack of evidence would lead to freeing of the slaves. This agreement was either temporal bec ause the South later wanted to separate from the North. Crisis continued to pile due to the increased level of dissatisfaction that prompted anger that turned to rage and rage to violence. Southerners were always alert to protect their peculiar institutions even after the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) and the struggles that followed over the bleeding Kansas where the group began to shoot. However, Compromise of 1850

Elements of Design in the Green Mile Essay Example for Free

Elements of Design in the Green Mile Essay The Green Mile is an exceptional film that was created in the year 1999. This film was nominated for four academy awards: Best Supporting Actor, Best Picture, Best Sound, and Best Adapted Screenplay. This movie teaches us how different the times were back in the 1900s compared to the way it is now. The movie is set in 1935 which was during the times of the Great Depression. It also illustrates death row and how execution is still a problem to where it is not just and fair. There are several well-known actors that cast in this film. Each actor plays a very unique role and elements of design have a role where it puts everything about this movie into perspective. The cinematographer that helped to create this film had a vital role in putting all of his screen shots together to generate the perfect lighting, images that are seen by the camera, and images that the audience sees upon completion of the film (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011). The director, producer, screenwriter, and composer all played important roles in putting this film together to show its exceptional potential at being nominated for four academy awards. The elements of design in the Green Mile are a form of art which cannot be duplicated in a way that they have come together to create this finished product. There is a scene in this film called â€Å"Miracle Worker†. In this particular clip, illustrates how the actors are placed into the scene and positioned on the set. You will see how well their costumes and makeup are done which is part of what makes up the mise en scene. The mise en scene is all of the elements in a film that the audience sees such as the setting, make up and costumes, as well as the movement and placement of the actors. The director, Frank Darabont, is responsible for shooting many different versions on a scene (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011). The director will then create the final film based upon the best of those elements. Some directors will allow improvisation which is when actors come up with their own lines that they feel will fit into a particular scene. The production designer, who is also sometimes called the art director, is responsible for maintaining the sets, props and the costumes so that they are in sync with the story and the character’s role (Goodykontz Jacobs, 2011). Production designers are head of the department on film crews and they are responsible for the art department. Basically, they may be asked to look at scripts to decide how much time the art department needs to spend on films. They also calculate the budgets to figure out how much money will be spent as well. Furthermore, they will provide their design sketches expressing detailing mood, lighting, composition and color to the art directors who oversees the production (Anonymous, 2012). In this scene, the â€Å"Miracle Worker†, the lighting is low because it is night time, but there are lights on inside of the house in the bedroom where the warden wife is lying in bed. The lighting is very dim which evokes a depressing and gloomy mood. It draws the audience into the scene to where they can feel the same pain and sorrow that the actors feel. John Coffey places his lips over the warden’s wife’s lips to retrieve the sickness of the cancer from her body. The chandelier begins to brighten and the sound of the music increases as the scene becomes more intense. There is a sign of bright lighting coming from the woman’s mouth illustrating the cancer leaving her body and going into Coffey’s body as his mouth brightens as well. That lighting is symbolic for the cancer that Coffey took away from her. Then he closes his mouth and the light goes away. However, there is still a bright light on the woman’s face for a couple of seconds as she lies there with her eyes closed, but now her face looks healthy and so young. The lighting in this scene affects the overall story of what the director is trying to tell the audience because it tells you without words what the characters in the film are feeling. It tells you that they are saddened when the light is dim and then in awe and disbelief as it brightens. The warden was in tears and was in disbelief from what he had just scene. So were the rest of the guards. Although, they were in disbelief, they also displayed a sign of relief in that the sickness has left the woman’s body. The film setting was the summer of 1935 when Hanks was a corrections officer in charge of death row inmates at Cold Mountain Penitentiary during the Great Depression days. This is during the time where unemployment was very high. It only got worse in time before it got better. Even taxes had increased which made it that much more difficult for people to survive. During this period of time racism still existed in this culture. John Coffey was beaten, convicted and sentenced for execution all because he was a black man suspected of raping and killing two little white girls with no valid proof. Costuming can tell us almost everything we need to know about a character. The costuming of the woman showed a great deal of sickness within her face. The makeup on her looked so believable that it almost looked like she was a rotting corpse. Then the costuming took a turn as she was healed from the sickness. She became beautiful and peaceful. Elements play a significant role in affecting the film’s plot. For example, Coffey was dirty and sweaty because it was hot. So this illustrated that he was not clean and did not have any clean clothes. He did not come from a place where he had nice attire. Now if he was clean and had on fresh clothes, the scene would not be as emotional. Nobody really expected Coffey and the way he looked to have such supernatural powers except for Hanks because he had already experienced it for himself. Hairstyle and makeup can help tell the story by showing how the character may feel at that point and time in a scene. It can also set the tone of the scene and the audience can feel exactly what the characters are feeling based on how they look. As the warden puts his hand over his mouth, and the screen zooms in on his face, you can see the stress and pain in his eyes when they start to tear up. The three guards are well dressed in uniform. They have ties and hats. They all look very sharp like they’re about to conduct a ceremony. They are well groomed with no facial hair just like military service members in uniform. The guard’s hairstyle and make up tell the audience that they care about their appearance and how they carry themselves as correction officers. They guards display a sense of caution because Coffey is a convicted criminal, but at the same time they display hope as Coffey talks to the warden’s wife and begin to use his supernatural power. In my personal opinion, I think that the mise en scene was very well put in this movie. The use of color which made the room dim definitely heightened the suspense of the film especially during the particular scene where the light goes from dim to bright and then dim again. The warden and the guards were in well placed positions while Coffey sat on the bed and performed his supernatural miracle to cure the warden’s wife from her sickness. The mise en scene was done very well by illustrating that the woman was sick and then healed by a miracle performed by a black man who was wrongfully convicted and sent to death row while he awaited death by electric chair. All of the elements flowed in a harmonious way because the music went well with the lighting when it was dark, and then became bright when Coffey used his super natural powers to heal the sickened woman. The audience is easily drawn into the film because of the cinematography that takes place in the movie. The actors, lighting, music and setting go hand in hand together. Therefore, it is not discordant at all. The design elements are definitely in sync with Frank Darabont’s vision. From the beginning of the scene, the elements in the film were symbolic to his vision. He wanted the audience to feel every bit of emotion that the characters were feeling. The intensity as Coffey spoke to the warden’s wife grew as he introduced himself to the time he ridded her from the illness. Not only did it make the warden cry and the guards emotional, but I’m sure that the audiences who watched this movie were just as emotional as everyone in the film. So Darabont did a great job by piecing everything together to get the right vision for the scene. The Green Mile had great chemistry as everyone played key roles in making this film. The film could not have been accomplished without the help of everyone coming together and doing their part, from the directors to the actors. The elements of the mise en scene were symbolic throughout the movie so that it really touched the audiences. It placed the viewers in the film as if they were part of the script. The director and the cinematography of the film gave it the extra edge that was needed aside from the actors. The elements worked so well together harmoniously that once the film was put together, it couldn’t be done again the way it was the first time around. References Anonymous (2012). Production Designer. http://www.media- match.com/usa/jobtypes/production-designer-jobs-402758.php Goodykoontz, B., Jacobs, C. P. (2011). Film: From Watching to Seeing. San Diego, CA: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. https://content.ashford.edu

Sweatshops :: essays research papers

When you think about children, chances are you think of them getting up in the morning, going to school then coming home and going outside to play. Sadly this isn't always the case. In other countries, children are locked up inside being forced to work. Is it fair that a child is forced to work a twelve-hour shift, seven days a week earning only seven cents an hour? This means if a child were to work eighty-four hours a week (when the maximum is 60 hours a week), then they will have only earned $5.55. Sometimes they have to work overtime which they aren’t paid for. If a worker cannot stay for the overtime, they are suspended without pay or they are fired. The workers want Unions, but the companies forbid them! Living on these salaries is almost impossible. A round trip bus to work costs 0.37cents, and just enough food to get by for a day is about $1.33. That means each person could spend $ 2.59 per day. The majority of the people are spending more than they make, so a lot of them go hungry. That total doesn’t include rent, which is usually 0.86 a day for a one room apartment. If the worker pays the rent, there is nothing left over, in fact, they are in debt. What about food for the family, utilities, clothes, doctor's bills, medicines, or even to think about going to school? Because of the great cost of living for these people the whole family is forced to work. An estimated two hundred and fifty million children ages six to fourteen work for pennies a day so that their families have food to eat and a place to live. One half of these children work full-time. 85% of these children come from Asia and Africa. These children don’t want to be working, but their parents normally force them to. Because of this, the children miss out on the opportunity to be educated. Remember, children are the future> And with millions of them locked up, never learning how to read or write, or even simple math skills, what kind of future do we have? Most of these children work because of poverty. If your income is high you will probably be picked to attend school, in other words if you have money than you can go to school. Some children work because the schools are too overcrowded for them to attend.

Easter in Ukraine

Easter (in Ukrainian: ‘Velykden’ or ‘Pasha’) is the most important holiday of the year in Ukraine. It’s celebrated on each first week after vernal equinox and full moon. Preparation for Easter starts seven weeks ahead of time with the advent of Lent. Believers don't eat meat and any animal products. Palm Sunday, the week before Easter, is known in Ukraine as Willow Sunday. People bring home willow branches which have been blessed in church and beat this willow of children that were not ill and were healthy. The week is dedicated to preparing for Easter. The Thursday before Easter is called Clean Thursday. During this time an effort is made to finish all field work before Thursday, since from Thursday on work is forbidden. Pure Thursday is connected with ritual of clarification by water. According to Ukrainian tradition one should bathe before sunrise on this day to be healthy all year. The house must be clean too. Good Friday is the day that the women of the family bake â€Å"pasha†, Ukrainian Easter bread. On Saturday children dye Easter eggs to add to the Easter basket which will be blessed in church. It also includes pysanka, salt, pasha, sausage, ham and most of the people also put in basket red sweet wine. In the evening people go to church for the Easter mass, which lasts all night. After that people go home to celebrate Easter with their families. If they meet other people on the way they say: â€Å"Christ is risen! † and these people should reply â€Å"Risen indeed†. All the people exchange Easter greetings and give each other painted eggs. On Easter day kids play their favorite Easter game: knocking the eggs. If you knock somebody’s egg and your egg is not broken than you are the winner. The Easter season in Ukraine comes to an end with the cult of the dead is observed. The dead are remembered during the whole week after Easter, especially on the first Monday following Easter Sunday. People gather in the cemeteries, bringing with them some food, candies and wine, which they consume, leaving the rest at the graves.

Information about the KU Writing and Math Centers Essay

Thank you for your letter asking me about studying at Kaplan University. This is very nice place and students feel here very comfortable and confident as they have plenty of possibilities to learn as many new skills as they may want and have time for. To make life of its students a little simpler, the University has established two Centers, which offer a large variety of services. That is why I am writing to you to give all necessary information about the system of student assistance at Kaplan University. The University two Centers are always ready to provide the students with any relevant assistance. There is the Kaplan University Writing Center and the Kaplan University Math Center which are both very helpful during the study. For example, you are working on any writing task like research, survey or just essay you may find it useful to attend Writing Center. This Center purpose is to help students develop their writing skills and technique. The Center staff has developed particular guidance sections outlining basic steps of working on writing task. There are four sections for those who are looking for grammar help or advice on more advanced level of idea generation. The section with the APA writing style guidance is there to help students make their work have a decent scientific style and be free of plagiarism. All these guidance sections are in PDF file format and can be downloaded or printed as often as you need. Writing Center may also give a feedback to your written work. For that you will have to submit your paper by clicking a yellow notepad icon. Once your paper is reviewed, which usually takes about 2 days, you receive an e-mail message and may get the reviewed paper by downloading it from the submission page. In case you are toiling at some math problems and need somebody to give you essential hints or just want to train your knowledge University Math Center is there to help you. As well as Writing Center, Math Center provides with the wide range of information starting from elementary math operations to the complicated equations solving. You can get not only information on certain math problems but also train you solving skills and check your progress either in a particular area or on the whole module. There are specific mathematics modules dealing with particular math operations, so you can work on them one by one or choose any in which you prefer to improve you knowledge. It has to be pointed out that the Centers have the option of communication with a tutor. Thus, Writing Center has a live-chat option where you can meet your tutor and ask him/her any questions related to your written work. However, you won’t have to ask about spelling or grammar issues, while the purpose of such instruction session is to give you more essential help and make your writing skills more advanced and efficient so that you can use them in your further study. Such live sessions are available for 15 hours per week from Monday to Wednesday in the evenings (6 pm -11 pm ET). Math Center Tutor is available also in the evenings from 8 pm to 11 pm on the same days plus Thursday. Just same as writing instructors math tutor will not solve or check your problems or equations; he/she will try to make you comprehend modules concepts and acquire necessary solving skills. I must admit that both University Centers are extremely helpful for those who want to be a better student. The principle of their assistance service is not to do the work for you but to teach you essential techniques and fundamental skills, basing on which one can make progress in study and achieve successful results. Their aim is your clear understanding of the learning material and ability of self-sufficient work. Unfortunately, I have not been for a long time here, and I have not had a chance to use any of these centers yet. However, the time when I’ll have to write my research is approaching and I plan to visit Writing Center soon. What I hope to get there is the information of what are the effective ways of collecting information, thesis formulation, arguments development and other essential points to write an outstanding paper. I am sure center instructors will be of indispensable assistance to me as I am a freshman and I’d advice this service to all my mates. I hope you will find this information useful and in case you need more information, please feel free to contact me. Sincerely, Full Name (insert your full name here) Class and Section Number (insert your class and section number here)

How to Template Your Site in HTML and PHP

How to Template Your Site in HTML and PHP When each page of your website follows the same design theme, it is  easy to create a template for the site using HTML and PHP. The specific pages of the site hold only their content and not their design. This makes design changes easy because changes take place on all the pages of the website at once, and there is no need to individually update specific pages when the design changes. Creating a Site Template The first thing you need to do is create a file called header.php. This file holds all the page design elements that come before the content. Here is an example: My Site My Site Title My Site menu goes here........... Choice 1 | Choice 2 | Choice 3 Next, make a file called footer.php. This file contains all the site design information that goes beneath the content. Here is an example: Copyright 2008 My Site Finally, create the content pages for your site. In this file you:   Call the header file  (header.php)Put in the page-specific contentCall the footer file (footer.php) Here is an example of how to do this: Sub-Page Title Here is the specific content of this page.... Tips Remember to save all your files with the .php extension.You can have more than a header and a footer. If needed, create other files to include in the middle and call them the same way.Couple your templates with the use of a style sheet to change style within the page-exclusive content.

The Importance of Brand Name Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Importance of Brand Name - Essay Example Within a short time, the detergent market in the US became a highly competitive field. The new cultural changes gave rise to micro families. The feminism wave increased the marriage age of the women considerably, and the technological improvements paved way for wide spread use of washing machines. Many brands which emerged alongside Tide lost to these changes and closed their shop, while Tide succeeded to go manage all these ups and downs successfully, retaining their number one brand position. In fact they used this brand image quite cleverly to maintain this position throughout all these years. Brand positioning is very important to build a long lasting customer relationship, get popular worldwide to expand the buying market, stay steady in the market for a long time and to increase the sales constantly. Four key strategies should be followed to reach the above mentioned targets. They should define their space, own it, keep competitors out of it and keep expanding it constantly (McGhie, 2012). Tide did exactly that in the following ways, keeping its brand name as a shield. Defining Space through High Quality and Attractive Ads Tide always concentrates on maintaining the best quality. To this day they are the best stain removers in the market. This high quality is a great reason for their long lasting success. They produced very creative ads, targeting the women’s changing mentality. The fifties Tide ad features pin up models hand washing their dresses, while the current ad showcases foot ball moms, laundering their aspiring kids clothes.

Managing uncertainty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Managing uncertainty - Essay Example In addition, millennial are more willing to take risks and highly educated compared to the preceding generations. These differences are bound to result in some friction at the workplace, where in the past it has been noted that organizations have opted to leave them to resolve themselves. However, this is proving to be unfruitful as millennial are leaving the workforce to start their own businesses and operate as consultants. Having realized their importance, organizations have to identify ways of attracting and retaining this workforce as well as ensuring they work in cohesion with the older generation (Cahill et al 2012, p.4). Popular social science has attempted to categorize the living generations into five- matures/veterans or builders, baby boomers, and the subsequent generation X, Y and Z. Presently, baby boomers, generation X and Y are the ones actively engaged in the workforce. Every generation is identified with its own unique traits with the baby boomers- born between mid- 1940s and mid-1950s, and builders- usually in their late 60s and 70s, sharing a similarity of being able to work for long hours in a structural manner. Whilst the rest are known for being flexible, having an increased understanding of technology and overall seeking a balanced life, the latter being particularly so for generation X born between mid-1960s to early 1980s. The challenge for HR professionals lies in striking a balance between meeting the needs of an organization and the burgeoning expectations of the multigenerational workforce. Mostly, generation Y and Z desire to have a flexible work schedule that implies them not being tied to the office a whole day. Notably also, organizations are faced with the uphill task of recognizing and dealing with the competing issues of generation Y and Z and the clients/customers which may not be mutually exclusive. HR managers have to recognize and appreciate the different points of view held by a multigenerational workforce (Mitchell 2008 , p.666). Organizations have to re-examine their needs and goals from a holistic standpoint and design a job description that will offer employees an opportunity for growth along with various responsibilities; which in turn will result in them being retained and satisfied in their job. This is complicated by the fact that there will be miscommunications, misapprehensions and detachments in a multigenerational workforce, with respect to work commitment and entitlement. In addition, operational areas such as frontline employees have had to be restructured as management practices have evolved over the years and modes of communication have changed from top-down, task-based instructions to linear contemporary ways of communicating. Clerical positions have also become unnecessary owing to efficiencies created by recent office technologies. This implies that certain positions have become redundant and employees who have been with an organization over a long period will need to have their p rior positions reconsidered. HR managers should look to their strengths and allocate new responsibilities accordingly as opposed to letting them go as their experience creates an opportunity for mentorship to the younger, incoming workforce (Mosley & Kaspar 2008, p.94). Furthermore, HR managers have

Week2 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week2 - Term Paper Example When brand attachment occurs, the consumer will often participate in brand communities, such as discussing the merits and benefits of the company and its products in social media. This is free word-of-mouth advertising that is highly valuable to a business brand. When a business includes social responsibility and ethical behavior as part of its strategic plan, trust in the company’s integrity is developed. According to Riegelsberger et al. (2005, p.383), trust is built on â€Å"reliability and predictability† of an organization. As one example, a company that contributes a small margin of their profit toward urban development can use press releases and promotional advertisements to illustrate their sponsorship or investment support in building a better local infrastructure. When consumers witness that the business believes in improving the human condition and lifestyle, trust in their brand, product and leadership is developed especially when these activities happen recurrently. Thus, having an ethical focus and a belief in social responsibility can assist in developing promotional strategies, charity as competitive advantage, and better consumer relationship development. One example of a company that overstepped ethical boundaries is Pulte Homes, a major national home and commercial builder with a significant profit margin. In 2006, the former president of Pulte Homes, Steve Seymoure, determined it would be a positive strategic decision to develop a variety of first-class, luxury vacation getaways in Mexico. Pulte Homes conducted considerable ethical and responsible preliminary research and legal negotiations to ensure that a disputed area of land cleared all ownership and construction laws for development of high-class condominiums for American tourists. However, well into the construction phase, a variety of expired commercial leases on the existing property where Pulte was building were

Critique One Empirical Article Relating to Adult Education

Critique One Empirical Relating to Adult Education - Article Example Winn et al. (2006) wanted to test if two reading strategies applied to children and adolescents can also be used to improve the reading fluency of adult learners. Fluent reading is a skill in rapid and accurate reading (p.196). The researchers recognized the gap in adult education research in the context of fluent reading and believed that K-12 research can help provide teaching tools, when research on adult education strategies and practices is lacking. They hypothesized that it is important to enhance reading fluency, because this can also increase the preference for reading (p.197). They stated that non-fluent readers are less motivated, have less cognitive resource management success, and have weaker reading reinforcement; thus, it is critical to enhance reading fluency, so that comprehension skill and probability of reading among adults can also be improved (p.197). The study used three reading strategies: 1) controlled, 2) repeated reading (RR) and 3) listening while reading (LWR). The research design was an experimental design with a comparison made between pre and post-results. Their sampling included twelve (12) participants, who studied literacy skills in an adult education center. The dependent variables were words read correctly per minute and errors per minute (EPM). Researchers collected the baseline data for reading fluency using the 1996 Test of Adult Basic Education (TABE). Findings showed that RR and LWR conditions showed higher scores in WCPM than the control condition. Errors per minute were lower in RR condition than control and LWR conditions. Furthermore, WCPM scores were higher when RR and LWR conditions were used. There were also no differences in words correct per minute using the LWR and RR conditions. Within subject comparisons of WCPM across LWR, RR, and control conditions showed greater reading fluency under LWR and RR conditions. Hence, RR and LWR both enhanced reading fluency more than the control condition. 3. Implications for Education The information in this article can be used by educators to improve adult education, because it underlines the importance of testing successful teaching strategies in the adult sector, using children or adolescent educational theories and research, it provided practical measures for improving reading fluency among adult learners, and it demonstrated the need for greater research on adult education literacy skills. First, this study showed that successful adult teaching strategies can be based on children or adolescent educational theories and research, although with some modifications. For instance, the topics of the reading materials were based on the interests of the adults, since this can improve the probability of reading. Second, the study gave practical tools and strategies for enhancing reading fluency among adult learners. RR and LWR conditions already h ave step-by-step procedures that can be easily applied to adult learning settings. These steps were also simple and feasibly applied for resource-stricken and time-limited adult education programs and centers. Third, the study recognized the gap in adult education research, such as lack of reading strategy studies for adult students. This points the direction for future studies, which include identification and evaluation of existing reading fluency

Time To Rethink The Portfolio

Time To Rethink The Portfolio Church Dwight Co. Inc. is a 160 years old company that has been working to build a market share on a brand name that is rarely associated with its name, Arm Hammer (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-1). The companys growth strategy was finding new ways to incorporate sodium bicarbonate in the lives of the consumer. The company shifted management thinking, as more emphasis has been placed on bottom-line profitability growth. Because of the acquisition of 80 different consumer brands since 2004, Church Dwight dealt with explosive growth that is producing challenges such as the companys small size and the ability to compete for market share with its giant competitors both domestic and international market (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-1 35-2). 2. Summary statement of the recommended solution: Church Dwight, a relatively small company, recognized the challenges of growing sales through acquisitions that it made to promote growth and competitiveness within those markets. They needed to grow the expansion of product lines into a variety of personal care, deodorizing and cleaning, and laundry products as well as specialty chemicals, animal nutrition, and specialty cleaners (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-6). Church Dwight expanded into international markets and gained footholds in product markets through acquisition of manufacturing assets. Penetrating international markets and removing barriers such as transportation cost will gain a competitive edge against the giant players in the market (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-11). B. THE SITUATION After 160 years, Church Dwight is a giant in the household domestic product market with a brand name recognition more commonly associated with Arm Hammer products. ARM HAMMER baking soda became a fundamental item on the pantry shelf because of its several uses other than baking, it can be used as a dentifrice, chemical agent to absorb or neutralize odors and acidity, a kidney dialysis element, a blast media, an environmentally friendly cleaning agent, a swimming pool pH stabilizer, and a pollution control agent (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). The companys brand portfolio included over 80 popular brands and competes for market share with other giants including Colgate-Palmolive, Clorox, and Proctor Gamble, which have combined sales of over $100 billion (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-1). The company expanded over the past decade into other household product lines through acquisitions of consumer brands such as Mentadent, Pepsodent, Aim, Close-up, Trojan, Spinbrush, Oragel and Ox iclean. It achieved 85% of the sodium bicarbonate market share (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-6). Expansion in the domestic markets proved successful because of the management recognized the value of a major asset, the companys pristine balance sheet and made the decision to grow (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-5). Growth in the foreign markets proved more challenging than domestic markets as net sales in 2009 were only $393 million compared to domestic net sales of $1.8 billion (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-5). Finally, the company has achieved some success in foreign markets as 19% of revenue has been received through international market sales; primarily in consumer products (Case Author: Cook, R. A., p.35-1 35-12, 2012). A challenge against leveraged buy-outs and hostile takeovers is eminent. It is also experiencing head on collision with giant competitors such as Procter Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive. In spite of challenges Church Dwight transformed into much larger competito r not only across a broader range of products but also in geographic territory (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-6). Because of this, the company in order to maintain its continuous growth in both domestic and international arena needs to have the best strategy at their side. (Cook, pp, 35-1 35-12). II. ANALYSIS A. ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION Management The management of Church Dwight Co. Inc. was lead by Dwight C. Milton, a direct descendant of Austin Church, as CEO from 1969 to 1995. He remained on the board as Chairman Emeritus as he turned over the responsibility to the first non-family member to Robert A. Davies III. Again In 2004 the responsibility was transferred to another non-family member, James R. Craige, who remained focused on building a portfolio of strong brands with sustainable competitive advantage (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). The steadiness of the companys leadership can be primarily attributed to the fact that 25 percent of outstanding common stock is owned by descendants of the companys original cofounders, a tradition that continues today (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). This focused leadership style has enabled Church Dwight to overcome potential leveraged buy-outs and hostile takeovers with a series of calculated actions and savvy business decisions. These actions allowed the board of dir ectors and management to amend the companys charter and allowing shareholders four (4) votes per share after they hold their stock for four years. In addition to staggering the directors tenure, the company initiated employee severance agreements with key officials, providing a severance package agreement to provide a safety net should any of the board member positions be terminated by a hostile takeover or leveraged buy-out by an unwanted suitor. By providing these lucrative packages for senior managers, many were able to stay with Church Dwight and allowed for continuity of leadership styles, vision and mission focus. It is because of this steadfast devotion to principles that have promoted steady growth over the years that we find Church Dwight identified previously as a Star but more recently labeled a Cash Cow using the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Growth Share Matrix (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 221-222). However, as the company focuses more on international markets and ente rs other potential avenues of growing product lines, it will surely find itself back in the Stars range of the BCG Growth-Share Matrix. Operations 10 years ago, the Church Dwight Co. Inc. was a largely household domestic product company with an average annual sale of less than a billion dollars but because of major acquisitions, today it is has transformed into a company that has a capability of earning over 2.5 billion in annual sales. Church Dwight have come to the realization that they have major challenges to overcome if they are to compete with other giants in the industry and continue to thrive. Church Dwight also recognize they must remain vigilant to quickly and adequately deal with Porters Five Forces: Bargaining power of suppliers; Threat of new entrants; Threat of substitute products or services; bargaining power of buyers (customers); and Rivalry among existing firms (competitors) (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 110-113). When considering the force, Bargaining Power of Suppliers, the force rating could be considered MEDIUM as management must be constantly aware of any potential market shocks or trends. If an affiliate retailer is affected by unforeseen supply chain issues, like increased fuel prices, then those costs throughout the company may be affected to remain competitive. In addition, Church Dwight are well aware of the economic situations that may affect their trade customers who may reduce distribution of products in which sales may decline, or adversely affect the financial performance of the company (Craigie, 2010, p. 11). There was never historically a Threat of New Entrants into the sodium bicarbonate market prior to 1970. However, as the company developed new product offerings and other established consumer brands, they now face the same competition threats of mature and domestic and international markets for consumer products (Wheelen Hunger, p 35-7, 2012). In addition, this threat of new entrants has emerged over the past decades and may now be rated High on the Porters Force Rating Scale. In fact, the looming economic crisis may cause many trade customers to more c ritically analyze the threat of new entrants as HIGH as competition drives less efficient operators out of the market as new competitors are always trying to enter the market by under-selling products directly competing with Church Dwight. Of course, the Threat of substitute products or services is always considered HIGH as well because brand recognition is very important in todays mass-media marketing. The value of trademarks, copyrights, or brand recognition can be severely impacted if inferior or substitute products/services from an affiliate or emerging competitor are advertised or sold to consumers looking for products with reputations of value and durability. Of course, a substitute item may also find its way into the market where consumers might choose it as a suitable replacement, but at a much cheaper cost to them. This would definitely be a problem for any company. (Wheelen Hunger, p. 221-222, 2012). Bargaining power of buyers (customers) is generally a MEDIUM concern as consumer satisfaction is evaluated in a variety of ways. Otherwise, dissatisfaction can drive prices up or down based on demand (or the lack of). Quality is also a hallmark of Church Dwight and the perception by consumers of any potential lowering of standards to decrease prices will typically drive loyal customers away. And finally, Rivalry among existing firms (competitors) is HIGH as competitors try to achieve greater market shares to grow potential profit shares. To reduce industry competition, Church Dwight also have a very solid core of specialty products (Wheelen Hunger, p 35-9, 2012). Fortunately, Church Dwight has in an enviable position to profit from its dominant niche in the sodium bicarbonate products market since it controlled the primary raw material used in its production (Wheelen Hunger, p 35-9, 2012). Marketing The Church Dwight Co. Inc. sales are concentrated in United States and Canada where funnel it through mass merchandisers such as Wal-Mart, supermarkets, wholesale clubs and drugstores (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-7). Marketing strategy has been fairly simplistic in that its focus has primarily been on the sodium bicarbonate product lines for over a century, but since acquiring over 80 additional brands and the expansion into other product markets the brand recognition has become even more important than ever. As a result, marketing expenses for 2009 were $353.6 million, an increase of $59.5 million or 20% as compared to 2008 (Craigie, 2010, p. 29). Church Dwight catered to all demographics which allowed them to develop more and more organic products and services with large scale agreements to serve them. Unfortunately, attempts to enter international markets have met with limited success, probably for two reasons: (1) lack of name recognition and (2) transportation cos ts (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-11). Church Dwight decided to take their marketing tasks in house by having designed a campaign on one of their product that would shake people up particularly those who think that using condoms is not for them by airing commercials on prime-time television. This shock strategy increased its marketing strength and enabled the partnership with Quidel Corporation, a provider of point-of-care diagnostic test, to meet womens health and wellness needs (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-9). Product marketing is essential to reinforce brand name recognition so consumers never forget the value and quality of a companys name and its product lines. Finance Being the worlds largest producer and marketer of sodium bicarbonate-based products, Church Dwight Co. Inc was able to maintain a steady growth in both sales and earnings. For the past 30 years, the average company sales have increased by 10-15% annually (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). The companys domestic markets have proven successful because of the companys pristine balance sheet (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-5). in 2009, Church Dwights performance worldwide has achieved an increase in sales of 4 percent; organic sales increased 5 percent, gross profit margin increased 44 percent while global marketing expenses only increased 20 percent; and the Net Cash Flow grew to a record level of $401 million even more significant to investors is the report of earnings per share grew 23% and dividends on investments increased by 35 percent (Craigie, 2010, p. 1). ). In contrast to the growing profits and expenses, the company also jettisoned noncore assets for the first time, i ncluding five domestic and international consumer product brands acquired during the 2008 Del Laboratories transaction (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-5). The long-term business model is based on annual organic growth of 3-4%, gross marginal expansion, tight management of overhead cost and operating margin improvement of 60-70 basis points resulting in sustained earning growth of 10-12% excluding acquisition. They have added a $1 billion in sales for the past 5 years while reducing the total head count by 5% (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). the CEO remains focused on building a portfolio of strong brands with sustainable competitive advantages and the long-term objective is to maintain the companys track record of delivering outstanding TSR (Total Shareholder Return) relative to that of the SP 500 (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). Administration (Human Resources) The Companys leadership at the top has remained a stable hallmark of the company. The Boards of directors are structures into three classes with four directors in each class serving staggered period of three year term (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). the former CEO, Mr. James R. Cragie, stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[W]e have added $1 billion in sales in the past five years, a 72% increase, while reducing out total headcount by 5%, resulting in higher revenue per employee than all of our major competitors (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). Because of its continuous exposure to would-be suitors the company has entered into an employee severance agreement with key officials. It provides pay up to two times the individuals highest salary and bonus plus benefits for two years. As the company widens its coverage into the consumer products in early 2000s, the changes in its key personnel was noticeable by injected a pool of executives with wide range of experien ce in marketing and international background from known organizations such as Spalding Sports Worldwide, Johnsons Johnsons, FMC and Carter-Wallace (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-3). Technological advancements allow for increased productivity in various aspects of manufacturing and labor allowing for greater productivity without the added expense of additional manpower. The following is the companys published Ethical Standards: The reputation and integrity of Church Dwight Co., Inc. are valuable corporate assets, vital to the Companys success. Each Company employee, including each of the Companys officers and general managers and each Company director, is responsible for conducting the Companys business in a manner that demonstrates a commitment to the highest standards of integrity. Specifically, we encourage among Company personnel a culture of honesty, accountability and mutual respect. Additionally, we provide guidance to help Company personnel recognize and deal with ethical i ssues. Finally, we have provided mechanisms for Company personnel to report unethical conduct. Dishonest or unethical conduct or conduct that is illegal will constitute a violation of these Standards and are grounds for disciplinary action (Church Dwight Co. Inc, 2010). SWOT STRENGTHS The Church Dwight Corporation has several strengths, the company controlled the primary raw materials used in its production of Sodium Bicarbonate through its companys mines in southwest Wyoming, production was completed in company owned plants located in Green River, Wyoming and Old Fort, Ohio and they manufactured almost two-thirds of the sodium bicarbonate sold in United States (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-9). The sodium bicarbonate product line has proven itself for over 160 years with uses in baking, cleaning, and deodorizing, and as an added ingredient for things like drain openers and neutralizing agents. WEAKNESSES A potential weakness within the company is the overextension of branding into many other product lines. Until 1970, it produced and sold only two consumer products: ARM HAMMER Baking Soda and a laundry product marketed under the name Super Washing Soda. The company enjoyed success domestically, but in the international arena where growth was more products driven and less marking sensitive, the company was less experienced (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-6 35-7). Other weaknesses are the lack of name recognition from consumers, the capability in entering the international market due to being hindered by the cost of transporting the product, and the cost is four times of its domestic transportation cost. Opportunities There is a wide range of opportunities for Church Dwight Co. Inc. when it come to their sodium bicarbonate products as it continues to explore new use. Church Dwight gained recognition when it was utilized successfully for the delicate task stripping the paint and tar from the interior of Statue of Liberty without damaging the fragile copper skin (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-10). Future expansion in acquisitions and assets may prove more advantageous as potential consumer products become even more attractive to increase the profitability as the manufacturing base is expanded around the globe. THREATS The primary threat to Church Dwight is competition. Competitors have an even greater market share and larger marketing campaigns to remain leaders in their respective niche. There are also threats of buy-outs or hostile takeovers of Church Dwight but because of the company entering into an employee severance agreement with key officials (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-3)it has kept this issue away from them. 7.) Products or services Church Dwight consists of several acquisitions that cater to almost 95% of all US Households. These products are based on differences in the nature of their uses and organized into three reportable segments: Consumer Domestic, Consumer International and Specialty Products (SPD) (Craigie, 2010, p. 2). The company currently produces 80 different product lines, in which (8) major brands make up a total of 80 percent of its business (Craigie, 2010, p. 1), including: ARM HAMMER, Trojan, Oxiclean, Spinbrush, First Response, Nair, Orajel, and Xtra Leading Deep Value Laundry Detergent (Craigie, 2010, p. 1). Church Dwight has a discreet marketing team focused solely on new product development which leads cross-functional efforts. In partnership withà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦RD colleagues, uses both internal and external resources to identify, design and market new productsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦accounted for over $400 million, or over 15 percent in total sales, in 2009 (Church Dwi ght Co. Inc, 2010). The products ranges from dentifrice, chemical agent to absorb or neutralize odors and acidity, a kidney dialysis element, a blast media, an environmentally friendly cleaning agent, a swimming pool pH stabilizer, and pollution control agent (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). The company is also focused on goals to develop differentiated products with new and distinctive features, increased convenience and value, and engaging outside contractors for research and development activities (Church Dwight Co. Inc, 2010). B. PROBLEM DEFINITION The problem presented in this case study was that Church Dwight needed to rationalize its expanded consumer products, while presenting a consistent operating profit and increasing market shares of the household product industry. Potential marketing problems arose when companys own products were placed along with its well-known brand name and confused consumers. The companys corporate objectives were: (1) to maintain a steady growth by staying focus on long term goals; (2) to provide best result to shareholders; (3) to continue seeking new uses of its core products (4) to maintain and keep cost under control; (5) to enter the international market and continually seeking for opportunity for growth. In order for Church Dwight to retain its position, it must continue to provide outstanding customer service, excellence in product quality, invest in cutting edge technology, and develop new uses for its primary product line. every market has its saturation point where products matures after reaching its peak because of this point the company must be ready to adapt to a continuous cycle of change. Church Dwight enjoy a considerably large loyal customer base, competing with Proctor Gamble and other industry giants and to get customers to switch competitors is no easy task. The company should explore ways of improving the life of the consumers while maintaining and protecting the environment, new products and competitors will always emerge and there are limitless opportunities for growth in international market. III. SYNTHESIS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS Brand recognition for ARM HAMMER brand products has already been established within the domestic markets of the United States, but international markets continue to be a challenge due to cultural differences in market populations, marketing strategies, and language barriers that require new brand names to be more suitable for local languages/cultures. Church Dwight have been very effective in using its acquisitions to generate greater revenue but with the high cost of transporting its finished goods internationally, intense competition, and higher commodities costs it might be financially sound to entering into an agreement with an established international company. Another alternative could be to develop joint-business ventures with suppliers, manufacturers, distributers, and retailers. The benefit to this option would be to streamline production and sales and allow the ease of marketing products and services to its affiliates and partners. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION The best solution for this company is to be able to retain the best products while satisfying competitive pressures. The following recommendation and solution of reducing expenditures and continuing the company policy of continued growth through new product development and market expansion with hopes of reducing costs. The continuous seeking of new use sodium bicarbonate will still be very effective for this company in years to come that is why the focus on this should never be lost for Expanding into new markets with major competitors jockeying for shelf space and retailers seeking to rationalize their breadth of product offerings, more changes may be considered (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-12). Church Dwight should develop new product lines both in domestic markets and globally as those markets are offering a much bigger area to be explored. In conclusion the ultimate goal of achieving huge revenue while maintaining cost of operation as low as pos sible has been always part of Church and Dwight Co. Inc. For them to reach where they are now in spite of unpopular name is truly a testimony of greatness that a company can achieve. This company, backed with 160 years of marketing and production experience will have a much clear brighter path of success as long as they continue to focus on their long term goals.

Ancient greek art :: essays research papers

Art of ancient Greece My report is on ancient Greek art mainly sculptures and vase art I will also be writing about a day in the life of a Greek artist. Artists in ancient Greece varied from designing coins, mosaics, gem engravings, architecture, pottery and sculptures. I’m also going to talk about what tools the sculptors used and the various methods used to make pottery and vases. The second part of my report will be about a day in the life of a Greek artist for example how they were treated were they considered middle class, upper class or were they looked down upon also what were their daily tasks, how did they would start their day and end it. The main reason I picked this topic is because art is a very important key to learning about a cultures history and beliefs. Greek art has influenced many other countries especially Rome most of their art and art from the Italian renaissance were copies of original Greek works of art. Sculpture Sculpture is one of the most important parts of Greek art since it is almost the only art form that has survived in some quantity. The ancient Greeks were especially known for their sculpture because their sculptures were extremely life like and beautiful. It was important to the ancient Greeks to combine passion and reason in their sculpture. Greek sculptures were mostly of the human form since they looked at their gods as having a human form. All of the sculptures were nudes of males because society looked down upon female nudity until latter on in time when you started to see sculptures such as the Venus di Milo, which was modeled after Aphrodite (Wikpedia the free encyclopedia. Wikpedia.11 Nov 2004. 12 Nov 2004 http://www.wordiq.com/definition/Greek_art ). One of the most amazing sculptures is the colossus sculpture of Zeus in Olympia it was one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world. Ancient writers said that it stood 12.40 meters high, 6.65 meters long and 9.76 meters deep the b ody of Zeus was made of ivory followed by a robe made of gold topped with a silver olive wreath and his throne was decorated with mythological scenes painted by Panainos and Kolotis the statue itself was created by Phidos. Michael Lahanas. 25 Dec 2002. 11 Nov 2004 (http://www.mlahanas.de/Greeks/Arts/ZeusStatue.htm). Another great sculpture is the colossus Athena Parthenos. This sculpture just like the colossus statue of Zeus was made of gold and ivory and had various mythological engravings in her shield, helmet and pedestal.

English composition Task

Since my teenage I wanted to become a computer engineer and work for multinational organization which not only pays well but also will have the opportunity to travel abroad. I am from a middle class Indian family where bearing the costs of studying from an English medium school is hard and yet my parents helped me study in English medium school. I studied English medium during all my schooling which helped me develop my literacy skills. I started learning computers since my 10th grade..This was the time of mid 1995 when the computer classes were first introduced in my school in India and I was one f the member of the first batches that was offered the basics of computer and little bit of programming. This was the beginning and I was getting interested to learn more about computers. We also had to take up a exam at the end of the course to prove our competency in the subject though it was not part of the 10th grade board exam. I scored 83 out of 100 which gave me confidence that I can succeed in this field of study.From there on during my 1 lth and 12th grade I took computer science as my specialization and also completed Bachelor's Degree in computer science. After y graduation it was time to look for my dream Job but consulting with friends, family and seniors in college I realized that the degree that I earned is not Just enough to get my dream Job and due to my interest in Hardware and Networking I immediately Joined specialization course in computer hardware and networking which is a rigorous training for one year in a private institute to equip myself with the right skills and be competent to face the Job interviews.While pursuing the course, I got a Job from a small local computer hardware firm which I only worked for couple of days and quit as I was not able to continue the course. Immediately after completing specialization in computer hardware and networking I started looking for my dream job. I initially started attending Job interviews of non multina tional organizations to understand the interview process and also to know my weaknesses so that I could improve myself.The interview process usually includes four rounds, first round is the written test which comprises of aptitude test, English grammar, computer hardware and computer networking, second round is a group discussion or communication round where a topic will be given and we will need to effectively discuss about the opic with proper tone and confidence, third round is a technical round where I will have to face an interview with computer hardware expert and final round will be with human resources personnel who will talk about the Joining process and company policies and procedures if selected for the Job.After attending a few interviews for different organizations and not able to succeed through the interviews, I worked on my weakness and was able to finally obtain a Job in a multinational intormation technology organization Hewlett Packard in India as a Technical Supp ort Engineer with the help of my literacy skills and technical competency. It was August 11 2003, 9 pm when all the interview process was completed and confirmed that I got through the interview and secured a Job. That was the proudest and happiest moment in my life which was so sweet.My family also was so proud of me about my achievement. As I started working for Hewlett Packard I never looked back. I had to go through training process for another couple of months on Hewlett Packard products and also soft skills on how to talk to customers on phone. My Job included communicating with the United States customers of Hewlett Packard and help them fix any issues with the Hewlett Packard products. With the skills I obtained academically and professionally I was able to succeed in the Job which helped not only me to grow but also my family.After 2 years to further improve my literacy skills I pursued Master's Degree in computer applications from a distance education university in India w hile I was working. This further enhanced my competency and helped me secure a much better position at work. Thus my literacy skills helped me get my dream Job in a multinational organization which not only helped me grow personally and professionally but also my family grow economically. This is a dream come true.

Consumer Behavior Toward Dry Shampoo

Dry shampoo Introduction: Dry shampoo is a spray that can be used to â€Å"clean† and freshen up the hair when it’s not possible to actually wash it. Dry shampoo works by stripping out all the excess oil–along with leftover sweat and general nastiness–that the hair is producing because you’re not washing it. Dry shampoo can revitalize greasy, limp hair if you don't have time to wash it As research suggests that washing hair too frequently can be really, really bad for it–especially using commercial shampoos and conditioners, often loaded with harsh, unpronounceable shit–and strips away the hair’s natural oils.Beauty experts recommend washing your hair less frequently to keep it healthy. Dry shampoo can be used in between washes if you’re trying to lengthen the life of your blow-out, for example, when you’re dashing to the office without time for a shower, or even in situations when water isn’t readily availa ble. It can extend that time between washing a few extra days, but keep you from looking like a greasy, drug-addled mess.It also helps to refresh any blow-dry for long lasting hairstyles and promise to offer â€Å"instant root lift, texture and body to hairs. It gives the hair a soft, warm and freshly-washed look. Though it is based on corn starch and oatmeal, it’s less chalky and contains volatizing agents that make it as much a styling product as a shortcut. Dry shampoo will only help to absorb excess oil and it won’t necessarily clean out the dirt and grime from a long day’s work, though it might mask it with a pretty scent.Good enough for your lunch break after a quick trip to the gym. Usage: * You can apply dry shampoo directly to your roots by spraying it over the portion of the hair working it through with a comb. * After applying dry shampoo, thoroughly run hands through hair until it has completely dissolved. After applying the product to the top of he ad, flip head upside down and massage some into scalp at the roots. If you scrunch up your roots before flipping your head upright, you’ll also get some added volume.Target market: It constitutes young females professionals or students who do not have much time to wash their hairs on daily bases and are much conscious to set their hairs in a better way. As our country is facing electric power crisis and we don’t even have proper natural gas facility especially in winters so the dry shampoo is the instant solution to the problem of time constraint of washing hairs regularly to avoid greasy, stinky and rough hairs.Demographics: name| gender| age| income| geography| profession| Social class| religion| lifestyle| namra| female| 21| 8000| Defence,Lahore pakistan| Teacher assistant and student| Upper-middle| Islam| Outgoing and social| beenish| female| 19| 5000| Cantt, Lahore pakistan| student| Upper-middle| Islam| Daring and social| asma| female| 24| 30,000| Model town, lah ore| Internee in nestle| upper| Islam| Trendy and try new things. raheema| female| 20| 3000| Cantt, lahore| student| middle| Islam| conventional| ayesha| female| 22| 5000| Askari X, Lahore| student| Upper-middle| Islam| social| ramsha| female| 20| 15000| Defence, lahore| student| Upper-middle| Islam| outgoing| shayan| female| 21| 6000| Johar town, lahore| student| Upper-middle| islam| trendy| Response and feedbacks regarding the new product (focus group): 1. What comes top of your mind while you buy a shampoo? Which attributes you prefer and the results associated with them? * it should suit our hair structure and should not over dry the scalp. It should give a moisturizing effect. * Moreover, the price should be reasonable and makes hairs more shiny and softer. 2. Does the price of the shampoo effects the quality of the product? * If the brand have a good position in the market and have a strong word of mouth developed regarding the product so they will surely pay whatever the pric e is. 3. How often you use shampoo? * Most of them wash hairs on regular basis which over dries the scalp and leads to hair breakage whereas if they do not wash regularly, it leaves the hairs greasier. 4. What comes in your mind when you hear about dry shampoo? It is unhygienic because they don’t feel satisfied of cleaning hairs without washing them with water. * It leaves whitish texture over the hairs * Don’t feel comfortable because washing hairs is a traditional way as it gives a feeling that we have took a bath to clean our hairs properly. * They are open for new products none of them said that they wouldn’t use it 5. Do you think that time is a major factor behind it as it saves times to wash hairs? * They agreed over the fact that it takes time to wash hairs. Sometimes it’s difficult to take shower and wash hairs due to emergency or time constraints. Furthermore, it should leave the same texture of hair when blow-dried or straightened to save time. 6. Sensation: * It should have good and convenient packaging that they can easily carry in their bags and size at the same time bottle should be attractive not very colorful but not too dull as well. 7. Exposure: * Word of mouth plays an important role in enhancing the exposure of dry shampoo. Individuals will share their experiences from the product and tell others regarding their experience that will induce attention of the consumer. 8. Memory: Target market will retain the concept of dry shampoo through common memories of events occurred. Every girl experiences times when she is unable to maintain herself because she has projects the next day or going through menstrual cycles or have a load of work. Lastly, we will relate their past memories and experiences in our advertisements. 9. Learning: * Instrumental learning suggests that through negatively reinforce the consumer, they will learn new concept in terms of dry shampoo. However, the product will be associated with negative f orces that will modify the behavior.For instance, if a girl does not have time to wash her hair and without rinsing them it would make them look greasy and smelly that would ultimately make other people away from her because of smell and untidy look. She won’t be appreciated or praised among her peers, friends and family members and loses her self confidence. 10. What would motivate you to buy a dry shampoo? * if the fragrance is good than that would be a big plus for the product because our hair normally don’t smell that good when we use hair sprays and since its being launched for the first time people have mixed views about it.So if the product promises to have good fragrance as well as freshness they would want to go for it. * Another thing is that pricing should be reasonably high. it shouldn’t be over the top because although the people understand that it can’t match their existing shampoo prices it should not exceed too much otherwise it might act as a demotivator and despite having the desired need people may decide that it’s not worth it but still some said that price should be high otherwise we would not totally trust the quality of the shampooMoreover, the dry shampoo contains natural ingredients that helps to clean dirt, grease and smell from hairs without damaging your hairs and maintains the natural oil leaving your hairs soft and shiny whereas the regular shampoo contains harsh chemicals that damages your hairs and eliminates natural oil. Problem/ values: The major constraint faced by the target market while conducting focus group regarding dry shampoo was that they denied over the concept of washing hairs without water as values and culture in Pakistan depicts the regular cleaning f hairs and body with water so all of them agreed on the cultural significance of taking bath regularly which condemns the purpose of dry shampoo that cleans hairs without water. However, it is a convenient solution to clean hairs wh en the time is running out especially on occasional basis. They would prefer regular shampoo over dry shampoo but keep it as alternative when they have short of time.